Text translation is the process of converting written content from one language into another while preserving its meaning, tone, and intent. It involves more than just replacing words; translators must consider grammar, cultural nuances, idiomatic expressions, and context to ensure the target text reads naturally and accurately reflects the original. This can be done manually by human translators, who rely on linguistic expertise and cultural understanding, or through machine translation systems, which use algorithms and large language models to generate translations quickly. Effective translation balances accuracy with fluency, making the text accessible and engaging for the intended audience.